Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Land law - Essay Examplein respect of the land., these great deal be express covenants agreed between the parties or implied covenants as a matter of law (implied could be the obligation of the tenant to pay rent under the equitable hold. (Shiloh Spinners v Harding)1). Lord Templeman in roadway v Mountford2 said that the essential feature of a lease is that unshared possession of the property is apt(p) to a person for stipulate term, in return of rent. The most historic issues in respect of exclusive possession is the f turning that it gives ownership to the person for a specified period of time, and because of it being a copy right handed interest, it can be assigned, and may be binding on subsequent owners of reversion. In the case of a license it is more of a personal right, binding on parties who created it. (Lloyd v. Dugdale)3. Furthermore, in the case of leases the landlords right is restricted to remove tenants and to set rent, this is contrary to what happens in the ca se of indorses. Therefore the distinction of lease and licence is of the essence. The deciding factor in respect of lease and licence is that of exclusive possession. Exclusive possession is hardened by the facts and surrounding circumstances and other factors. Labels in themselves are therefore not decisive, and so the target of the parties are not relevant, but the substance of rights that have been created have been construed to be relevant. There are sure exemptions where even if the occupier is in exclusive possession a lease is not created ( Lord Denning in Facchini v Bryson)4. In conformity with Lord Templeman in Street, the fact that the substance of agreement and not the label, is what is important, restricts the situations whereby a license would be construed. From the facts, it can be construed that exclusive possession was shell outed to Tom. The next element that is important is the fact that it must be for a certain term. This is clearly the case as Li wizl agree d to grant Tom a lease for five years. The next element of tenancy is that of rent as specified by Lord Templeman in Street. Clearly Tom was under an obligation pay the rent as well as the premium. Thus in the current situation a lease has been created. As farther as creation of a lease is concerned, that is done in two stages, the first being the stick being concluded so as to grant a lease between the landlord and tenant, and the next blackguard is that of the execution of the geld by grant of lease by deed. For the existence of a legal lease of more than three years or where a premium is charged are legal just if they are executed by deed, a requirement under section 52(1) of the Law of Property act 1925. A deed has been defined as a formal written document and in accordance with section 1 of Law of Property (Miscellaneous) Provisions Act 1989, a said document is construed to be a deed only if it expressly declared itself to be a deed and is witnessed by one other person. As far as equitable leases are concerned, they tend to exist when an enforceable contract is entered into between the landl

Reflective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Reflective - Essay ExampleBesides, the manifestation of professional doings is amalgamation of dickens different words profession and behaviour in which profession referred as the work that requires particular skill and involve high-level education as well as competencies in an individual. On the other hand, behaviour is regarded as way of acting or behaving in a particular scenario. Thus, based on the to a higher place analysis and discussion, I understood that professional behaviour is the approach of reflection of professionalism. Besides, in the oerall reckon, if we act as in a professional manner, then we will be able to uphold good respect over the public. On the other hand, it has also been reflected that if we tends towards behaving in a professional manner, it will significantly see in uplifting our career and improve the overall working environment.The learning module assisted me with the aspect that in order to ensure professional behaviour, we must tend to compel the assigned rule and constabulary in the professional ground. For instance, in a business, the accountants are needed to ensure that their work is conducted in accord with the rules and the standards, which are applicable in the field of accounting. Moreover, the aspect not only emphasis the written rules and conduct, merely also includes unwritten aspects in much good manner ensuring reduction of possible disrepute over the professions. Nevertheless, in the working environment, professional activities are highly interlinked, as an individual breaking his/her professional coiffure and code of conduct will create significant impact over the entire profession.Based on discussion of the learning module, I can affirm the fact that professional conduct is acting and government activity the activities in a professional manner. In this respect, code of conduct is regarded as an important approach of ethical benchmark of the professional practice. Additionally, I can

Information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

In descriptoration technology - Essay ExampleIn hiring employees into an organization, the piece resource department sets come forth a number of recruitment criteria. The employees hired in an organization be therefore determined to be the best for performing the specific roles. One key recruitment criteria of recruitment demanded by every human resource manager is relative knowledge relevant to the operations of the department. This is normally sought in the form of a college or university degree. However, after recruitment into the organization employees require utile orientation that is later followed by the requirement of on job training and the provision for continuous phylogenesis.On job training and opportunities for development once in the company take the form periodic seminars and provision for study leaves. much(prenominal) programs allot a number of functions in the realization of the organizations objectives. Such programs motivate employees a actor that if impl emented effectively results in highly motivated employees who in turn are very productive. Such opportunities make employees feel valued and acknowledged by their employer, they thus revamp their morale by change magnitude their out put level.Additionally, such programs retain employee relevance while at the organization. Knowledge changes and so are the means of production. To increase productivity, an organization needs to change its means of production and these may at time a change of the entire technology. A change in technology and means of production requires effective understanding of its operation. This therefore makes on job training and continuous development through studies more important. rough managers may prefer hiring newer employees with every new technology. While this may sound more effective, the cost of implementing such a policy may overwhelm the organization. Furthermore, it demoralizes employees thereby decreasing productivity.Commercial organizations exis t in societies this

To what extent is netanyahu speech in Congress 2015 view the nuclear Movie Review

To what extent is netanyahu oral communication in sex act 2015 view the nuclear distribute - Movie Review ExampleIt consists of two phratrys the House of Representatives and the senate. The congress meets in capitol which is located in Washington D.C. Benjamin claimed that this deal would create two chief concessions which act as a threat to Israels security as well as the region. This will be by means of retention of Irans ability to initiate a nuclear weapons program.1 Netanyahu termed it as a bad deal and explained that Israel is much better without the deal. The speech welcomed mixed views and responses from people of all the walks of life as the document analyzes.1The speech encompassed strong views against the American Iranian negotiations that are underway. This speech stirred up some political brawl of the two countries. He noted that these negotiations will just guarantee that Tehran gets the nuclear weapons to harm the blameless world. Netanyahu also noted that from the previous attempts, it is evident that Iran is a nation that cannot be trusted. This is irrespective of whatever they recite in terms of whichever accord designed to stop it from acquiring those weapons. He also noted in the speech that the world is now facing the danger of the Islamic militant marriage with the nuclear weapons.The members of the house expressed varying opinions concerning these Netanyahus words. A loud applause was received. However the applause came from the republicans while the democrats revealed a restrained reaction. According to Netanyahu, after the deal will be done Iran was to receive two major concessions. One concession was to leave intact the Irans vast nuclear infrastructure. The other concession was to stand up the restrictions on this program in like a decade. According to Netanyahu, the world should make sure that no restrictions get lifted on the nuclear program on Iran (New York Times 2). This will be until Iran clams all the aggressive acti vities against its neighbors in Mideast, seize supporting terrorism in the globe and refrain from wipe out

Presentation about your role as an Accountant Speech or

About your role as an Accountant - wrangle or Presentation ExampleControversial, because I am sure one way or another(prenominal) you have heard the recent news of pecuniary s beddals and crisis which was also brought by this work. To give you a sketch synopsis of the objective or what an Accountant does, it is to record, classify, iterate, and interpret the transactions of an backing entity(Brewer, 2009, pg. 96). While this function may healthful simple in text, the implication of it however is quite labyrinthine because ultimately,the objective of financial accounting was to depart study useful in scotch decision making (Brewer et al, 2004, pg. 15). Through accounting, an entity is fitting to determine its financial position by recording all the transactions incurred in a given period, classify and summarize it to be employ in making a rationale economic decision. The tool that is usually used for making that rationale economic decision is called Financial Statements. This is basically a written report that describes the economic well being of a barter entity which comes in the form of Income Statement, Balance Sheets and Cash Flow. Income Statement just now tells whether a business entity is earning or not. In a smaller scale, the income statement shows how frequently you spend compared to what you realize and if there is anything left for profit or savings. Balance sheet on the other hand summarizes the business entitys assets, liabilities and capital for a given period. Simply, its a summary of what you have and what you owe and how much you and your investors have invested in the business entity while Cash Flow shows how much money was used and generated by business entity in a given period. Common terms used that may sound complex but really meant simply are words like assets which simply means what the business entity owns, financial obligation which means what the company owes. While this may sound simple, the entire sue of recording , classifying, summarizing and interpreting can becharm complicated especially if the organization is big for it involves a lot of transactions to consider for accounting reporting. In a small business, this can also be taxing especially if this entire accounting process is done by a single person compared to an entire department of a corporation. Such, technology can get handy in aiding a small business in its various Accounting subprogram such as having a software that helps track employees wages, outgoing expenses with vendors and tracking the day-to-day cognitive operation of the business whether it is earning or not. This gives the business owner a hindsight about his business financial progress and is able to make necessary adjustments to enhance his profitability i.e. streamlining expenses and reduce unnecessary expenditures. By having this accounting facility at heart the small business, the owner may not have to retain an Accountant, except on the occasion of register of taxes which could save him cost. If you noticed, the profession of Accounting involves money. Not only that the Accountant is responsible for handling the resources of a business entity, he is also responsible for the factual and accurate reporting of it. This is important because the public relies on this information whether they will put in their money for investment in that company or not. Such, the Accounting profession demands the highest ethical standard because when this function is

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing Essay - 4

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing - Essay congresswomanIt is worth mentioning that the role of audit rotation in improving the standards and the efficiencies of audit is duly considered as superstar of the major determinants of audit quality. It is strongly believed that longer tenure of an auditor links with lower quality of audit and in this context, it can be sustain that the rotation of auditors require to be taken into concern in order to enhance audit quality on the whole. In this present day context, misrepresentations and frauds have emerged intimately that eventually imposes extensive seismic disturbances upon audit quality. The misrepresentations along with the frauds have been arguably caused owing to the augmenting interests of the stakeholders and also the owners belonging to mixed business organisations. ... Discussing the Principle Need for Rotation of Auditors Impact on Auditors Independence It is kind of evident that the periodic ro tation of auditors plays a decisive role in enhancing the auditing quality of the client fraternity by a tidy extent. It can be apparently observed that the rotation of auditors can be conducted both internally and externally. The auditors rotation in both of these forms is duly considered to be unrivaled of the chief determinants of enhancing audit quality. This is owing to the reasons of preventing the auditors depending relation with the management team of the client organisations and differentiating betwixt the auditing attend conducted by non-capital market and capital market oriented corporations. In order to determine the impact of auditors rotation on the independence of the auditors, it can be affirmed that the sovereignty of the auditors the Great Compromiser much limited in the context of auditing due to the existence of a special trust tie-up prevailing between them and the management team of the client organisations. Thus, with this concern, it can be affirmed th at the independence of the auditors mostly rely upon the interrelation, which prevail between the auditors and the management team. Specially mentioning, the principle need for rotation of auditors impose considerable impact on auditors performances, making them perform both auditing along with consulting services and preserving the auditing process ethically, irrespective of having close interrelation with the management team of diverse organisations (Velte & Stiglbauer, 2012). Mitigation of Conflict of Interests Apart from render the principle need for rotation of auditors in limiting the independency of the auditors, it can also be affirmed that

In what ways can interprofessional working improve the quality of the Essay

In what slipway can interprofessional work improve the quality of the health keeping - Essay ExampleWhen accredited, the professional is accepted as having expertise to the particular field, such as in the medical profession, and is bound by a code of ethics.Set against the backdrop of the twenty-first century, with all the globalisation and information technology (IT) complexities which can be turned into helpful aids instead of barriers collaboration is seen as a powerful force by public and private sectors in service delivery especially in the health sector.The health care profession is challenged by various sectors in society to deliver quality care. The NHS Plan requires more interprofessional working as a result of demands from discriminating public and demanding patients. (Leathard, 2003, p. 69)The NHS Plan demands more time or tractableness in working which is to the patients interests. Ethical standards withdraw to be explained further since the patient has to have t rust to the physician who, because of his/her knowledge in the profession, is at an advantage over the patient who needs to recognize his/her health situation. Distrust has developed mingled with the medical profession and the general public, particularly the individuals needing care.Promoting interprofessional working between government and private agencies requires a whole lot of political will and backing. For example, the government has seen and made it heart-to-heart that there is a national imperative for an interprofessional knowledge sharing programmes of health and social care providers (Department of Health, 2001 cited in Spence, 2007, p. 121). Along this line of policies should be a series of legislation and activities by the government to promote interprofessional collaboration. The mental health care professions need this political backing but interprofessional working is seen as passing on various barriers.Setting the scene for

Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

data Technology - Essay ExampleThe telephone, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is an instrument for reproducing sounds at a distance. In the process sound is converted into electrical impulses for transmission. According to Anderson and Johannesson (2005), the telephone evolved rapidly due to its instant nature. The trumpeter of the telephone, the telegraph is hardly present or even heard of today, but the telephone has persisted for more than a hundred years. This is due to the fact that the absence of intermediaries made the two parties easily exchange information in real time without much delay, just by talking on both ends of the line as compared to the telegraph.For the later part of the 20th century, the telephone has come a long way. From originally being affiliated in a wired network, the originally analogue system of transmitting signals in telephone lines became digital, to make more customers. Also, since the data being received and sent are rather bulky, high-speed transmission is important, which need the digitizing of data being exchanged (Lee, 1997 3-4). Due to the perceived promise of the telephone technology in accommodative and innovating its functions to fit the continuously improving information technology system, it became one of the key elements in the present epoch of communication.The mobile phones origins can be traced from the mobile two-way radio, which were used in prove trucks and police cars. Soon, mobile telephony for the general public grew, and eventually a system of using transmitters that cover small patches of land that could hand off transmissions as a user moves around became the forerunner of cellular technology (Anderson & Johannesson, 200524). Eventually, the use of analogue frequency modulation became replaced by digital telephony, by the introduction of GSM, or Global System for Mobile communications. There are numerous technologies along the line of these

Stress Reduction In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric Essay

Stress Reduction In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder pediatric Massage - Essay ExamplePediatric massage is an alternative and contemporary treatment that uses massage therapy. This is the mathematical process of manipulation of the soft tissues that is intended to promote the wellness and wellbeing of the autistic pip-squeak. Massage takes into account to each one childs cognitive and physical development of the child as well as the health care needs thus able to relieve physical pains and psychological torment acting as a stress reliever when applied to autistic children (Shipwright & Dryden, 2012).Research studies indicate that children with autistic spectrum ailment show less stereotypical autistic behavior and are more social and attentive by and by receiving a massage therapy. These children are equally less anxious after the reception of massage. Pediatric massage, when use by the caregiver, helps in strengthening the emotional bond between the caregiver and the ch ild thus helps in reduction of stress each time the caregiver comes into a tactile association with the autistic child (Field, Diego, & Hernandez-Reif,

Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of U.S. Foreign constitution - Essay ExampleThe U.S. democratization policy was introduced and affected by President Bush in 2005 aft(prenominal) his administration realized that the U.S. support of non-democratic leaders contributed to terrorism. This paper will detail on how presidency, interest groups, the news show media as well as the international distribution of power has made democracy policy to be what it is in the lay eastmost. The American interests directed to the Middle East are not national interests. The interests of approximately groups such as small energy companies, banks, and well-paid lobbyists do not in any way map the interests of the majority of the Americans who constitute of working-class individuals from all social groups. In most occasions, the ruling groups portray their feature interests as national interests. The ruling elites have evident interests in the Middle East that they have been act for close a century. Those interests can be referred to as imperialist interests because they center on Middle Easts energy resources (Epstein, Miko and Serafino 7). In advocating democracy in the Middle East, America aims at preventing the rise of favorite movements that may threaten her control of that regions natural resources. She also uses the foreign policy to maturation the number of her military in the region so as to have effective control of almost all activities. All corporate media in the U.S., as well as international media, contribute importantly to making the U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East to be what it is. For instance, it is evident that the corporate media in the U.S. carry out their roles in favor of the government policies. The media in the U.S. portray this by barring the Americans from getting accurate information and understanding on all the activities carried out by their government in the Middle East and other parts of the world (Jentleson 567).

A machine for living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A machine for living - Essay ExampleThis aspect of phenomenology in architecture is referent to both a philosophy that had a significant influence on coeval architecture, as well as an experience of building materials and built space in sensory aspects. The environment in phenomenology is defined concretely as the abode, while what occurs within it Takes place. The place is made up of concrete things that have material color, texture, shape, and texture, which coalesce to create the character or automated teller machine of the environment. In turn, this atmosphere enhances specific spaces to embody variant properties according to the unique environmental and cultural functions that they come through in2.This research paper will seek to evaluate the meaning of the architectural phenomenology experience in price of conscious and unconscious(p) vision. Interpretation of the phenomenological experience using these two aspects will be carried out using two works by Le Corbusier th e Villa Savoyet started in 1928 and the Ronchampe in 1945. The two works by Le Corbusier show marked difference in terms of integrating conscious and unconscious vision in their architectural concepts. The Villa Savoyet was a masterwork in purist design and acts as one of the best achievements of Le Corbusier in creating a house that was a machine for living in3. Along with other Villas created by le Corbusier during this period, the Villa Savoyet was demonstrative of preciseness architecture in which every feature of the design is justified in urban and design terms, punctuate conscious vision. However, his work in the mid to latter part of the 20th century, including the Ronchampe, testified to a shift in this concept of visual precision, instead showing a duality of architectural experience with regards to conscious and unconscious vision, which is a major element of architectural phenomenology4.Le Corbusiers early work, especially in the 20s, was a lighting rod for many archite ctural

What Does it Mean to be Machiavellian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Does it Mean to be Machiavellian - Essay workoutHowever, this does non approve violence for the wrong reasons, leading to ones personal gratification or gains. Machiavellis aim in The Prince is to prepare the members of the ruling Medici family of Florence to handle the subjects of their principality. Machiavelli had the clear understanding that moral ideologies were not sufficient to meet the demands of real situations of governing a principality. In such a situation, the ruler has to hire with the needs and expectations of m some(prenominal) people. In the present times too, there are debates about the emergence of terrorism as a response to the state policies that suppress the masses. This makes the Machiavellian principles of power in the governing bodies very(prenominal) significant.The ruler of a principality can remain in power only with a get it on understanding of its subjects. The uprisings against the rulers may not always branch from a personal dislike to the ru ler. Machiavelli observes that men, thinking to break-dance their condition, are always ready to change their masters, and in this expectation, will take up arms against any ruler (6). To retain the power of the ruler over the dissatisfied and demanding masses, the principalities will have to use effect when necessary. Machiavelli further states let it here be noted that men are either to be companionable treated, or utterly crushed, since they can revenge lighter injuries, but not graver. Therefore the injury we do to a man should be of a sort to leave no fear of reprisals (9). Though it is doable to interpret such remarks as cold-blooded decrees that decide the fate of numerous subjects in a principality, the supreme goal Machiavelli aims at is the effective management of the people with the help of force when gaining their consent in any issues seems unlikely. The use of violence serves a symbolic purpose as well, in setting an example. It is not a

Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

climate Change - Reoceanrch Paper ExampleNevertheless, the wobbles in the climatic conditions have implyed the scientific curiosity, whereby they are no longer considered an environmental and regulatory concern. Therefore, climate change is considered an overriding environmental issue, whereby it has posed a formidable challenge to the environmental regulators. On the opposite hand, it is a growing concern in terms of economic, heath security and former(a) dimensions. The changing climate contour are threatening the productions of food due to impulsiveness of rain, rising sea levels that are contaminating the fresh weewee reserves and increasing the risk of flooding and high temperate the environment, resulting to increase of vermin and ailments. Background Issues cogitate to climate change are deteriorating, whereby there is a continued loss of icing from the glaciers resulting two age with the ice-free passage through Canadas Arctic island and increasing the rate of ice l oss from the ice sheet in Greenland Antarctica (The World Bank, 1). The warm water is combining with the thermal expansion, whereby occupying a higher vividness compared to cold water. Moreover, the melting ice sheet and glaciers are resulting to high rates and ultimate extension of sea levels in a way that outstrips the anticipation in the resent global scientific assessment. On the other hand, there is significant evidence justifying the significance of tripping points, resulting to irreversible changes in the eco dust and planetary climate system. In fact, the ecosystem is considered places like diverse Amazon rain forest and Arctic tundra, which may reach the threshold of the melodramatic changes in the process of drying and warming. Therefore, this is making the mountain glaciers are in startling draw back and downriver effects related to reduction of water supply during the dry periods of the year. This will be the implications, which will affect the transcend generations w hile the climate feedback systems and collective environmental effects will be building crossways the Earth systems in a way that demonstrates the behaviors that are not expected. There is a possibility for shoo-in greenhouse warming, which is real, and the climatic changes are being avoided through the transformation based on the hydrocarbon energy system that is rationally initiating. The transformation has to be adequately financed in order to adopt the transformation program in a way that prevents the disasters. There are tools that can be applied in dealing with the problem, though they must be applied in an aggressive and effective way. Therefore, in order to address climate changes, there is a need to cooperate with other nations to implement policies that mitigate environmental pollution. Initiatives for dealing with Climate Changes There are initiatives by the World Bank Group for supporting the exploitation countries through a contribution to a global solution, and desi gning an approach based on the needs these countries. This effort is reinforcing and developing a partnership of the climatic change, the members of the government and other organizations. There are other plans that have been actual in order to invest on cleaning energy in developing countries, through cooperation with other international financial institutions. A scale of investment funds has been established by the clean energy investment framework based on the needs of the countries related to accessibility of energy. In this case, this case assists in transitioning to a subordinate carbon development alleyway and

Legal Environment of Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Environment of Business - Research Paper ExampleEuropean Union employment law protects all employees in the European Economic Area. However, each country has its make employment regulations. The employment laws cover issues to do with working conditions, wages and immigrant workers. In both Europe and the U.S, it is the duty of workers to perform their duties with respects and veneration to their employees (Wanda, 2010). This relationship is founded on sh ared understanding and trust. The employees should work towards meeting outside(a) standards. Loyalty amongst employees and the employer is also critical, and it is, therefore, illegal when employees perform actions jeopardizing their employers interests. The relationships between employers and employees in Europe and the U.S are an equivalence of a master-servant relationship. The employer, therefore, possesses absolute power over the employee. Despite this, labor laws have been enacted in both Europe and the unite States setting minimum wage limits. This protects the employer from exploitation. Among the basic rights the employee enjoys include, a right to be provided with a healthy and just environment. Amongst the countries that have been in the forefront of shaping labor laws and guidelines in the world are European countries and the get together States. Despite Europe and United States cooperation in the development of what can be termed as labor standards that are acceptable globally, there exists various significant differences on how the two authorities conduct employment related issues.

My adult learning style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My adult learning style - question Paper ExampleThis is why it was highly important to take the learning styles inventory to understand what factors mixed with learning are most effective at helping the individual to comprehend.The results of the study indicate that I tend to be an aural learner, scoring a 13 on the inventory. Closely behind was discursive with a score of 12, physical scoring 11, and verbal learning with a nine score. Largely, based on the inventory, I am considered to be a balanced learner who is able to comprehend information from many another(prenominal) different learning activities. As an aural learner, music and sound are often quality methods in the learning process. Aural learners learn by hearing information and the student fitting this profile would more often than not like class lectures and small group discussions, listening in class more than taking notes (Korybut, 2009, p.1). From a personal reflective standpoint, I have always found considerable v alue in classroom environments with teachers who are strong lecturers without really ever having a personal need for note-taking in order to be engaged with the teachers discussions. This type of presentational teaching helps me to stay focused on what is being taught orally where comprehension is simply a matter of recalling what has been heard.Further, having the balance between different learning styles would excessively give me the ability to explore many different learning methods to find which one is best-suited to long-term comprehension. For instance, ordered learners prefer using logic, reasoning and systems (learning-styles-online.com, 2009, p.1). Though I have not always had a expertness for statistics or the use of complicated systems, logic is a very large part of how I soak up information. For example, if a lecturer provides information which is not very relevant or seems to be stemming from opinion instead than experience, I find myself rejecting the information and can no longer focus on what is

Hofede in China Essay Example for Free

Hofede in chinaw ar EssaySchool of Business, Saint Marys University, Halifax, Canada Shen Cheng, Business School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China kidnap Questionnaires were completed by 554 respondents in cities in east-central China and in eastern Canada to compare the levels of Hofstedes volt ethnic dimensions in the two countries and to examine the effects of gender and age on these levels.Country variations were erect with four of the volt dimensions. Differences in the evels of place-distance, masculinity, and individualism were observe crosswise classes of gender and age. Introduction Hofstedes (1980) dimensions of assimilation find become the most widely used model for explaining various effects across cultures (Yoo and Donthu, 1998). Stedham and Yamamura (2004) describe culture as stable and enduring but also several(prenominal)what changeable due to external forces. Hofstedes five dimensions include the following. a.Power Distance. The power distance dimension has to do with inequality in a society. In a high power distance environment thither would be greater tolerance for, nd expectation of, inequality in prestige, wealth and power. b. Uncertainty Avoidance. Hofstede focuses on uncertainty at the organizational level looking at the use of rules and strategies to reduce exposure to an unsure future. c. Individualism and Collectivism. This dimension has to do with the birth the individual has with the group and more(prenominal) generally with society.Hofstede points out that the nature of this relationship determines not only how hatful think about themselves and their immediate group but the structure and functioning of many institutions aside from the family (p210) . maleness and Femininity. There seem to be two elements to this dimension. One deals with the values held and the other with role expectations. Hofstede (1980) notes that in a work setting, males value advancement, earnings, training, up-to- date ness dapple females value friendly atmosphere, position security, physical conditions and manager cooperation (p281).The second cheek of this dimension culture, kindle roles would be differentiated while in a feminine culture sex roles would be more similar. e. Long Term Orientation (L TO). This is a recent addition to the Hofstede model, dded as a new dimension to the model in the second edition (2001). It is based on the philosophy of Confucius and has to do with persistence, thrift, personal stability and respect for tradition (p351). It describes a longer term, higher level view of life.China was not included in the Hofstedes original study (1980) as the sample for that study was from the offices of IBM and, in the 1970s, on that point was none in mainland China. Its rack up were not reported in the second edition Hofstede (2001) either. There have, however, been some efforts to study the Chinese using Hofstedes dimensions. Pheng and Yuquan (2002) studied the Chinese in the Wuhan area of China, comparing construction employees there to those in Singapore.Taking a workplace focus similar to that of Hofstede, they found that, compared to Singaporeans, Chinese had lower levels of power distance and individualism, and higher levels of uncertainty avoidance and masculinity, but their scores are different from those of Hofstede and therefore are of limited use in predicting how the Chinese scores will compare to those of other countries. Culture has been observed to vary within Chinese areas. Huo and Randall (1991), for xample, used the framework to examine the differences among Chinese in Taiwan, Beijing, Hong Kong and Wuhan and found wedge heel cultural differences.Just as there are differences seen in the dimensions between countries, it could be expected that there would be differences expected between groups of individuals within countries. Differences between attitudes and behaviors of males and females are extensively studied and well authenticate d in Western culture. Similarly, individuals have been observed to change in their attitudes and behavior as they age. Variations in Hofstedes cultural dimensions across age and gender have been tudied by some researchers.Stedham and Yamamura (2004), for example, examined the cultural differences between Americans and Japanese with a focus on sex and age differences. They found no differences due to age and differences between males and females on the power distance dimension in Japan (mf), individualism (mf) in both countries. In the new paper, differences in the levels of the four dimensions of Hofstedes model are examined between Canada and central China. As well, differences in the levels of the five dimensions across age groups and sex category as well as nteraction among these three variables are studied.Hypotheses Main effect was settled by Chinese several centuries ago and was the target of an influx of several million more Chinese around 1950. It seems likely that the cul ture of Taiwan would be similar to that of mainland China. As none of Hofstedes scores were available for China, perhaps those of Taiwan would be useful for the purpose of hypothesis formulation. A large difference on the individualism score is apparent where Taiwan was one of the lowest of all the countries studied while Canada tended to be toward the top of the individualism scale.

Effects of an Ice Age on the Oceans Essay Example for Free

Effects of an deoxyephedrine Age on the Oceans EssayThe land, the third planet from the Sun capable of sustaining feel, has several components on its originate. More than 70% of the priming is covered by urine and most of them is c at one timentrated on the oceans. These oceans serve not only as huge bodies of water in amidst the land masses but also a largish habitat for most of the ocean life on the planet. Furthermore, it is in the oceans that some of the most important phenomena that go the atmospheric conditions stable occur. Indeed, oceans be the lifeblood of the planet. What outlets does an Ice Age have on these bodies of water?Ice progresss ar usually known as a period of gradual reduction in the temperature of the mobile climate which pract ice-skating rinks massive expansion of continental field glass sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers. In glaciological terms, an ice age means that ice sheets are present in the northern and southern hemis pheres (which means technically we are still in an ice age, given the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctic (Imbrie and Imbrie, 1986). A contemplate of ice sheets and other sources reveal that the Earths climate is characterized by a cycle between cranky periods or interglacial conditions and glacial conditions.Many theories have emerged to explain the occurrence of these ice ages. One well-known theory was devised by Milutin Milankovitch in 1938. It predicts that the shifts from glacial to interglacial and vice versa are affected by the miscellaneas in the switch of the Earths rotational axis every 41,000 years, differences in the orientation of the planets oval orbit around the Sun known as the precession of the equinoxes occurring every 23,000 years and counterchanges in the course of the orbit happening almost every 100,000 years (Joyce and Keigwin, 2007).Another theory that explains the origins of the ice ages is the changes in the mobile atmosphere. The rise and fall of nursery gases have been linked to the retreat and advance of the ice sheets. It is possible that the changes in the greenhouse gases may have been instanced by other factors contributing to the set off of the ice age such as continent motion and volcanism. One hypothesis, known as the Snowball Earth hypothesis, claims that the late early era saw a severe ice age that began with a reduction of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and ended with an increase of these levels in the atmosphere.The early anthropocene hypothesis of William Ruddiman claims that during this era where human activities started to cause a significant international impact on the climate and ecosystems more than 8,000 years ago, atmospheric gas levels began to not follow the pattern of the Milankovitch cycles (Macdougall, 2004). Geological plaints confirm that the position of continents may cause ice ages if they block or decrease the lean of warm water to the poles allowing the formation of ice sheets . These ice sheets will then cause the increase in the Earths reflectivity decreasing the absorption of solar radiation which leads to atmospheric cooling.This starts a positive feedback loop allowing more ice sheets to form as the temperature cools. Some of these configurations include a continent sitting on top of a pole, a polar sea that is land-locked and a highly continent that covers most of the equatorial area (Aber, 2003). Another big factor in the end of an ice age is sudden global warming that could theoretically be caused by the eruption of large submarine volcanoes. These volcanoes and flood basalts could release huge amounts of methane that contribute to a large and rapelvic inflammatory disease increase in the greenhouse effect (Macdougall, 2004).There are five known periods of glaciation Huronian (2400 Ma 2100 Ma), Cryogenian (850 Ma 635 Ma), Andean-Saharan (450 Ma 420 Ma), Karoo (360 Ma 260 Ma) and Cenozoic (30 Ma Present). Oceans are very important in maintain ing the stability of climate. The balancing of overabundance come aliveing at the equator and cooling at the poles is accomplished transporting heat via atmospheric and oceanic currents from low to high altitudes. The warm surface amnionic fluid that arrive at the higher latitudes are cooled and the heat is released to the atmosphere and later on radiated away(p) to space.This mechanism bridges the gap between equator and pole temperatures. Warm ocean temperatures also cause an excess of evaporation against precipitation in the atmosphere. The water vapor is then transported to the poles through atmospheric currents and there it cools causation an excess of precipitation against evaporation. These two components together with the salinity-dependent mixing of the cold waters returning from the poles with the warm waters at the equator allows the continuity of the great ocean conveyor belt that allows for climate stability (Joyce and Keigwin, 2007).An ice age will could also begin if the balance is disrupted on this belt. Scientists now speculate that we are straits for another ice age given the current configurations of the continents and other factors. One possible scenario is that as the Earth continues to experience global warming, ice sheets will soon begin to melt. The Arctic sea has 15% less(prenominal) ice compared to levels 40 years ago. Cold fresh water from melted glaciers and ice sheets will flow into the north Atlantic which could weaken the disconnection stream and the great ocean conveyor belt since it would change salinity levels important for mixing and the temperatures of the waters.This would cause a cold climate change for Europe with temperatures reach up to 10oC for during the summer. This could also usher in the next ice age since at the height of the stick out one, the strength of the Gulf stream was only two-thirds that of today. Global warming will slow down the Gulf stream by up to 30% and may cut off Europe completely in the fu ture (McGuire, 2002). Given this possibility of an ice age occurring, it is important to look into the possible make of an ice age.The most obvious effect of an ice age on the oceans is the decrease of actual flowing water given that the ice sheets would be formed from waters of both in-land sources and the oceans. Since glaciers are formed from freshwater, this means that the freeze up of oceanic waters could increase the salinity of the remaining flowing water. Scientists at the Lamont Doherty Earth observation tower found that ocean circulation changes did not cause but was rather the effect of climate changes at the start and end of the last ice age. Ice sheet volume and global carbon budget had changed even before the ocean currents were affected.The possible scenario drawn is that the ice age had been driven by discrepancies with the amount of heat from the sun arriving at the poles. The changes in the carbon cycle were caused by the decline of plant life because of precoo led temperatures and glacial advance. This caused an initial change in the great ocean conveyor belt by amplifying the effect of heat at the higher latitudes. Ocean circulation changes that were caused by the beginnings of the ice age encourage amplified the climate trends that cause the continental ice sheet expansion and also the retreat of the ice sheets later on (LDEO, 2005).The subtraction of this research is that this shows a possible effect of an impending ice age on the oceans. It expresses the possibility that once a change in climate is set-off, the great ocean conveyor belt adapts to the new conditions further aggravating the new changes in climate. Thus, a new ice age could bring a change in the current ocean currents prevalent today. Since the oceans are host to an unknown number of species of living organisms, the personal effects on marine life is also important to consider.Although terrestrial organisms would rather prefer the current warm climate, evidence shows t hat aquatic organisms did not share the same preference. A team of scientists from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada found that ice age oceans some 20,000 years ago had increased concentrations of nitrate, an important nutrient for plankton that producers for the marine food chain. These concentrations could have supported plankton life in waters that are now nutrient deprived. They deliberate nitrate levels of two nitrogen isotopes N-15 and N-14 in sediments found at the coast of Mazatlan, Mexico.This is one of three nitrate sinks in the ocean where bacteria cause denitrification. Although the data gathered from two sites coincided with the hypothesis, it is insufficient to definitively conclude that global nitrate levels were as high as those at the sites. However, it is possible and this could mean that more marine life was present given the abundance of plankton. This could also have contributed more to the ice age since more plants could string more car bon dioxide reducing even more the greenhouse effect (Monastersky, 1995). All these effects are but glimpses of what truly happens during an ice age.We can never truly know exactly what all of them are unless we experience it ourselves. But for sure, given the immensity of the worlds oceans and how reliant stable climate is to them, these effects would affect not only the oceans themselves but the entire planet.Bibliography Imbrie, J. Imbrie, K. P. (1986). Ice ages Solving the Mystery. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press. Joyce, T. Keigwin, L. (2007). Are we on the brink of a New Little Ice Age? Retrieved 11 May 2007 from http//www. whoi. edu/page. do? pid=12455tid=282cid=10046.

Christian beliefs about marriage and divorce Essay Example for Free

Christian beliefs about marriage and divorce testifyHow might Christian beliefs about marriage and divorce be applied to a Christian living. In your answer consider one or more situation in which Christian belief would retain a difference. Consider whether all Christian couples would respond in the said(prenominal) way.Christian beliefs ar to be applied to everyday life. The dogma affects couples and eviscerates them to a content marriage. Every couple should strive to live up to their vows to successfully live-out their vocation. Its a full time vocation and for the marriage to work, there needs to be ageless effort and work. Overtime people mature and develop this may lead to the couple becoming next or further apart. Action and alteration then needs to be applied and the marriage should formulate and change accordingly. Christians wee-wee to truly commit to their vows and have to promise love and fidelity and apply it to their daily lives.Some Christians may ignore Gods intentions for them by dismissing the Christian beliefs. By disregarding these beliefs, couples will not lonesome(prenominal) gradually disconnect from eachother, they will disconnect from God as theyre rejecting his vocation for them. Some may imagine that the Christian beliefs atomic number 18 not being applied to life as much anymore, which is proven by the increase in divorce rate. However, The religious beliefs are lived out by the vast majority of couples. Those who do not fully apply the beliefs to their marriage but realise the beliefs importance, have something to aspire to and the beliefs commode guide them to a successful Christian marriage with God. This is why the beliefs of permanence and exclusiveness of marriage are consequential and people still try to live to values outlined in the Gospel.I trick moreover aspire to living in a joyful, stable marriage. Ive been brought up in a fortunate ambience as my parents have been married for 30 years and hopefully will grow old blissfully together. Theyve followed the Christian beliefs closely, except for a few dents to the relationship but managed to pass through them, which can altogether inspire me to follow in their guidance. Ive seen how beliefs are still present in their marriage and how the church teaching is certainly not out of date.As outlined in AO1, the beliefs of the life-giving potential of marriage are central and when couples enter marriage they must realise the affects their behaviour has on children. As Ive been brought up in a successful co-operative marriage, Im inspired to do the same as I realise the importance of Christian beliefs, so if one is brought-up in a unstable marriage this can affect the relations the children later on have.The grace given in the sacrament gives couples strength which can furnish couples concentration towards the Christian beliefs. someone who recalls their faith seriously is more likely to live up to the vows more rather than one who re asonable simply goes through the marital service as tradition, without really regarding the ceremony for its deep meaning. These Christian beliefs taught to them can then encourage them to leave divorce as a last resort rather than take the easiest way out.Catechism teaches that The remarriage of persons divorced from a living, lawful spouse contravenes the plan and law of God as taught by Christ. They are not separated from the church service, but they cannot receive ordinanceic communion. They will lead Christian lives oddly by educating their children in the faith Catechism 1665 Although they will not accept divorce the Roman Catholic Church will accept an annulment which is a way of saying that the marriage was voidDifferent Christians improvement marital breakdown and divorce in different ways. A Roman Catholic would have long difficulties if their marriage broke down and ended in divorce, yet they are unable to get an annulment from the Church They feel that they have di sowned the church by divorcing. Also, if that person remarries, in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church it would be classed as adultery.This situation may involve them being asked to refrain from taking the Eucharist. This can result in real hurt and a feeling of isolation from the Church as the Eucharist is at the very heart of Catholic belief.. Whereas, someone belonging to the free church in the same position would have no such problem with remarriage in their church. Other Catholics may choose not to remarry and live life alone because their first marriage did not work and they do not want to go against their beliefs.Although some marriages conclude in divorce, marital help services such as Marriage Care and Relate offer support to couples so they understand the full responsibility theyre undertaking.Couples who havent got the deeper misgiving of marriage may break the exclusive aspect of marriage and not consider preventing adultery as much as a couple who follow the Christia n beliefs.Different Christians have various responses to contraception. Catholic teaching does not permit the use of artificial contraception. Pope Paul VIs encyclical letter Humanae Vitae (1968) uttered it this way It is absolutely required that any use whatsoever of marriage must retain its native potential to procreate human life. This means that sex in marriage should be natural and ever open to the possibility of creating new human life. All artificial chemical and physical methods of contraception are rejected by the teaching authority of the Catholic Church.In conclusion, I think the church does have a positive role in supporting couples through the sacrament it blesses the couple with married life. With Christian belief and practice, the couple gain strength, while guiding the couple through the sacrament of marriage.

Business Law Essay Example for Free

Business Law EssayWe ease up completed this as scrapement on our own and chip in non discussed it with all in all other individual or used any other unauthorized aids. We ac copeledge compliance with the academic requirements (e.g. citation of sources) of the University of Toronto.Legal fill prohibited 1 Who should be trusty for the men with the broken wrist?Background On the final night beat of the haunt, at that place were twain juvenility men who ignored the sign that said danger, upper balcony unsafe this is non part of the tour and went upstairs to use the bathroom. collect to that fact that the renovation was non d wiz, thus, bathymetry was non fully attached As a result, after they violent the toilet, it turned bring out to have a huge water spill and driving forced one of them to fall and break the wrist. Legal is fulfillsIf the young cosmos wants to sue whoever is trus devilrthy for this tragedy, he must claim that the resident of that field o f unconscious processs was neglectfulness otherwise, he wont get any compensation for the injurySpecial Negligence occupiers liabilityThe occupiers liability Act under RSBC 1996 CHAPTER 337 states that someone look ated cosmos occupier if one of the following requirements is met 1. individual is in physical possession of the premise.2. Someone is trustworthy for and has control e rattlingplace the condition of the premises. 3. Someone is responsible for and has control over the activities carried on at those premises. 4. Someone who has control over who is allowed to enter those premises. 5. Also, tenants and owners ar both occupiers.In this situation, we have three different parties who consider being the occupier. 1. Leannes p arents As we know, Leannes parents are the heavy owner of that subject, thence, they absolutely could be counted as one of the occupier, now, lets examine if they were negligence at that time. (1) work of fearfulness No study what, as long as the invitees, licensees, trespassers are in the premises of the occupier the tariff of care automatically falls on the shoulder of the occupier. In this gaucherie, the interrogation is were Leannes parents careful enough to make surely the bulk in their premises were safe? Due to the fact that by the time the accident happened, her parents had already rent the solid theatre to Leanne by a proper trim back, even though the renovation of that theatre wasnt completed yet. Since the age of Leanne is not given, we could not tell if Leanne is over 18 or not.If Leanne is below the age of 18, According to the law, persons under the age of volume 18 in Ontario (19 in B.C.) at time obligation made she would consider being a minor, and the law says that a minor usually cannot make a rational decision in that respectfore inured as legal incapacity. In this case, the parents should be responsible for making their daughter the person who has control over the place. On the other hand, if Leanne is above 18, due to the fact that her parents have not warned about the possible hazards that the theatre could have to the visitors, they are still responsible for not fulfilling the duty of care. (2) sample of care As we know that the hu pieces with broken wrist was a trespasser who is not permitted before entering that premise (upstairs). The stripped plumbing was not deliberately throttle up to detriment any of the people at the theatre.Therefore, her parents have met the standard of care. (3) Physical causation the unfinished plumbing was not the direct causation of that harm nevertheless, it was the cause to make the water spilled and indirectly harm the young piece of music. (4) Foreseeable harm In this case, the harm is a bodily injury. Before this haunt, the theatre was in renovation, after Leanne proposed the haunt theatre plan her parents accepted it and stop the renovation instead. It is honest for her parents to notice that there should be some potenti al dangers in the theatre, however, they were just amaze by the idea and forgot about the foreseeable harms that could bring to the visitors.3-step analysis(1) contributory negligence Since there is a sign to warn the people that upstairs balcony is dangerous, even though they went to the bathroom instead of the balcony, they were still playing careless in a way that they ignored the sign. Plus, the reason for one of them to fall is because of the fact that they inflamed the toilet with a unfinished plumbing, causing the water to spill, and made the floor wet, as a result, the man slipped and broke the wrist. Therefore, these two young man should share the liability for this accident. (2) some other defendant Other defendants superpower be Leanne and also the call forile organ that is responsible for the renovation. (3) vicarious liability There is also no vicarious liability for this case.2. Leanne As a tenant who rent her parents theatre for one week, also the one that is r esponsible for and has control over the activities carried on at those premises, she is also consider being the occupier. For Leannes case, if she is below 18, because the promise between her and her parents are invalid, then she could not be sued. Otherwise she should be going by means of the following 4+3 negligence analysis as same as her parents.4-Step Analysis(1) Duty of care As I have mentioned before, since the accident happened in haunted theatre was during the time Leanne rented from her parents, summation the activity on that night was under Leannes control, so that she automatically had the duty to make sure everyone is safe no matter the person is invitee, or trespasser. In fact, there were just so many an(prenominal) visitors while there wasnt enough staff to take care of the place, even though she had vomit a sign to warn the visitors not to go upstairs, but, there is still a possibility that mortal would ignore it and go ahead. On the other hand, the mans wrist was broke regenerate at the time when he fell, according to the relevant time says by the law, it again assures that the responsibilities would fall on Leanne. (2) Standard of care As we know, after the commenceor told Leanne about the plumbing problems she had set up a sign to warn the visitors to stop going forward. Normally if someone sees a sign tells them not to go forward, people would follow, however, during that evening the situation is slightly different. We know that it is a haunted theatre essence during Halloween week consequently the visitors on that evening are most in all probability to seek challenges and excitements.Therefore, it is level-headed for some risk lovely people who would deliberately ignore the sign and go upstairs to seek for more fun. As the contriver and the manager of the event, she should have studied the behavior of the potential customers in order to guarantee a check performance and strategies to control the whole activity. No cabbagehe less, the two young men were considered to be trespasser in this case due to the fact that the haunted event didnt invite anyone to go upstairs. As a result, the duty owed to trespasser was extremely limited, according to the Common Law Status Approach, as long as the occupier of that particular premises didnt mean to set up the hazard to trap the plaintiff, then, the standard of care will be satisfied by the occupier. (3) Physical causation In this case, the wrist of the young man was broken in an indirect way.The plumbing of the toilet had some problems, after the young man flushed the toilet, it caused the water spilled out and the floor became wet. Finally, the young man slipped and broke his wrist. As we can see during the whole process, Leanne had done nothing directly or indirectly to cause the harm of the young man. However, it is the reckless plow of the young man himself to cause the accident. (4) Foreseeable harm As I have mentioned, before the haunted theatre, the theat re was in renovation. After Leanne proposed the idea of stopping the renovation for one week and opened the theatre for Halloween event, and the danger can clearly be foreseen. Even though the actual hazard didnt harm the visitor directly, but it still created a dangerous situation for the two young men.3-step analysis(1) Contributory negligence As I have analyzed in Leannes parents 3-step analysis, the plaintiff himself as a trespasser, ignored the sign to warn the dangerous situation of upstairs, and used the upstairs toilet which has a plumbing problem, as a result to make the water spilled on the ground and made the young man fell. Thereby, the young man had contributed to the accident, and should be sharing the responsibilities with whoever is negligence in this accident (2) Other defendants Other than Leannes parents and Leanne herself, the adoptor may also be responsible for this accident which I will be examined later. (3) Vicarious liability There is no Vicarious liability in this case, since the actual harm brought to the young man was mainly caused by himself, therefore we couldnt claimed that somebody hurt him while doing his/her job.3. Contractor The contractor is the one who is responsible for the renovation, naturally the condition of the whole theatre is somehow related to him and he should be responsible for that. As the occupiers liability Act says that anyone that is responsible for and has control over the condition of the premises is considered as occupier. Due to the fact that the young man was hurt under the premises that was renovated by the contractor, he should consider being one of the potential defendant.4-Step Analysis(1) Duty of Care As we know the contractor is one of the occupiers, therefore, he automatically has the duty to make sure the people are safe, no matter the people are invitees, licensees, or trespassers. (2) Standard of Care As we know, before Leanne started her haunted theatre plan, the contractor had informed Lean ne about the unfinished plumbing and the potential harm that could bring to the visitors. We could clearly tell that as an occupier, he did not try to harm the trespasser (Two young men) intentionally. Meanwhile, he actually tried to nourish the visitors from being hurt. (3) Physical causation As far as we know, even though the contractor is considered being an occupier, but, he didnt have any control over the place at that particular day, moreover, he is not there by the time the accident happened.On the other hand, due to the fact that he didnt finish the renovation and caused the plumbing problem and it lead to the water spill which ended up made the man fell down, this whole series of events are just too remote. In conclusion, there is not physical causation of this contractor to make the wounded man the way he is. (4) Foreseeable harm As we concluded that the accident is just too remote from the contractor, therefore, there is no foreseeable harm caused by the contractor.3-Ste p Analysis(1) Contributory Negligence As we have proven previously, the young man got into the premises where he was not invited to, thus, he considered being a trespasser. That is the reason for him to share the obligations of this accident. (2) Other defendants There is no other defendant other than Leanne, Leannes parents, and the contractor. (3) Vicarious liability There is no vicarious liability in this case. Legal Issue 2 Would two of her friends sue Leanne for breach of contract? Background Leanne recruited two friends and offered them 20% of the gelt profit or a set do of $500. both(prenominal) of them indicated that they were sure 20% of the bring in profit would be work out to be more. After the operation of business, Leanne gave them each 20% of the net profit ($400) but those two friends asserted that the contract was for 20% of the net profit or $500 and they definitely would conduct $500. Two of her friends would probably sue Leanne for breach of contract if Lean ne paid them each only 20% of the net profit instead of $500.Lets consider is there a contract between Leanne and two of her friends Contract Requirements O+A+C+I Offer Leanne ( offerer) offered verbally that she would give two of her friends (Offerees) 20% of the net profit or a set amount of $500. Acceptance Two of her friends (Offeree) accepted offer by saying 20% would work out to be more and also by conduct that they started to work next day. In addition, they did not channelise any terminations in the offer so that no counter-offer had been made. Consideration Leanne (Offeror) would pay money to two of her friends (Offerees) while the offerees would work for Leanne. There is no gratuitous promise between them. innovation Leanne had a privation to recruit the workforce while two of her friends were passionate to work for Leanne, both of the parties showed their serious intention Hence, there was a contract existed between Leanne and two of her friends. Two of Leannes friend s were able to sue Leanne for breach of contract. This contract could be viewed as either a unilateral contract or a bilateral contract.Reasons for a unilateral contractTwo of her friends (Offerees) could accept simply by doing what offer required. They needed to work for Leanne and in return they would get money reward. Issue Did Offerees have the right to claim an choice at any time? The key term 20% of the net profit or a set amount of $500 would be themain argument for both parties in the move. Two of Leannes friends would insist that they had the right to lead an option at any time because Leanne had not made a deadline. Undoubtedly, there are different understandings of meaning in regard to this specific contract term. Both parties agreed on contract wording but the term meant different to them. In the eyes of two of her friends, the contract offered them two options that they could choose after they acknowledge the exact amount of the 20% of the net profit. With no doubt t hat they would go for the option which had higher amount of money. From Leannes perspective, she offered them those two options before they started to work.Leanne believed two of her friends accepted the term20% of the net profit by the fact that they said that 20% would work out better. In this situation, the court would accommodate the most reasonable interpretation to the key term It was unreasonable that two of Leannes friends had the right to choose after they realize which option would be higher. Leannes offer would be meaningless if two of her friends could do so. The intention of offering an option of 20% of the net profit was to motivate two of her friends. The most reasonable interpretation would be that two of her friends only had the right to choose an option before they started to work, as a step to accept the Leannes offer. Therefore, their wording 20% would work out to be more would be considered as approving this term only and accepted Leannes offer.Reasons for a bi lateral contractThis was a bilateral contract because offerees needed to trade promises with the offeror. The offerees wording 20% of the net profit would work out to be more was strong evidence that they accepted this specific term so that they gave this promise to offeror they would work and in return they would get 20% of the net profit. Issue was there breach of contract?As a matter of fact Leanne gave two offers to two of her friends, one offer with the key term a set amount of $500 and another offer with the key term 20% of the net sale. As two of her friends chose the second option, they rejected the first offer and accepted the second offer. In this case, two of her friends would not be able to sue Leanne because there was no breach of contract and the court would surely favor Leanne because she did not violate any terms on the contract. As a result, two of Leannes friends would not succeed in the lawsuit. In the future, Leanne should be more careful when she makes the cont ract. She has to list all key terms in details and elaborate on all those terms so that the offoerees would not have a different understanding on those terms.Legal issue 3 Would the picture show manufacturer sue Leanne for breach of contract? Background The independent film maker would like to film in the haunted raise and asked Leanne for the offer. Leanne asked for $500 and told the film maker that he could film any night that he liked. The film maker said he needed time to consider the offer. Afterwards, the film maker got very upset when he came to the theatre on Nov 5 and consequently realized that the haunted house was not in operation anymore and the renovation had resumed.Lets consider is there a contract between Leanne and the film maker Contract Requirements O+A+C+IOffer Leanne (offeror) offered the film maker (Offeree) that he could film on any night he liked and the price would be $500 Acceptance After Leanne had offered to the film maker, the film maker said he wou ld have to hold about it so there was no acceptance at this point. But later the film maker came to the theatre to film on Nov 5 could be considered as an acceptance by conduct. Consideration Leanne (Offeror) would fork over the film maker (Offerees) a place to film while the film maker would pay Leanne $500. Intention The film maker had a strong desire to film and Leanne was willing to provide the place Hence, there might be a contract or no contract existed between Leanne and the film maker, depends on whether or not there was acceptance and when the offer lapsed.Issue when the offer lapsed?There was no specific time in the offer that required the offeree to accept. Thus the court would consider a reasonable time. The reasonable time was usually 1 month. Nonetheless, this reasonable time was difficult to tell in this situation. Leanne would consider the offer goes expire after Halloween, because the operation of the haunted house was a seasonal event and it was reasonable to pr esume that there would be no more people coming after Halloween. Leanne would likely shut down the haunted house after Halloween. From the film makers view, the reasonable time would probably be one month because this was usually a standard.It was reasonable for him to believe that the haunted house would continue to operate because he did not know Leanne only ran this event for one week. Thus, the reasonable time was hard to assess. If the court considered the reasonable time was before Halloween, then Leanne would be free from any legal liabilities. If the court insisted the reasonable time was within one month, then Leanne would be sued for breach of contract since she could not fulfill her promise. Leanne had to revoke the contract immediately before she stopped operating the haunted house to nullify any legal duties.

Models of Mental Illness Essay Example for Free

Models of Mental Illness EssayAccording to authors Robert Perrucci and Steven Wallach, the three exemplars of mental malady argon the medical, the behavioral and the societal reaction models. (271). The medical model of mental illness focuses on the morphologic or physical abnormalities in a diligents brain which trigger the mental illness. It is concerned with the treatment of the illness and prevention thereof. Thus, this model requires that sufficient psychiatric care with appropriate medication by competent physicians and treatment teams be provided to the longanimouss. It involves paying attention to the biological issues of long-sufferings through medical procedures such as the careful monitoring of intended effects and side effects of the treatment, the identification of new problems pertaining to the physical, mental and emotional problems of the uncomplainings as they occur, the detection of both acute and residual symptoms as they emerge, the elimination from the entire treatment of toxicant chemicals and unnecessary drugs, and the administration of a balanced nutritional diet, an adequate rest and sleep schedule and a regular aerobic exercise program for the patients. (cited in University of South Carolina give instruction of Medicine Psychiatric Rehabilitation)The behavioral model of mental illness, on the other hand, focuses on the series of maladaptive behaviors demonstrated by the patient as a result of his irrational pattern of thinking and perceiving. This model requires the therapeutic alliance of the patient with a person who gives him encouragement, respect and a reality orientation, and then motivates and leads him to be busy with productive activities that are comfortable and useful.It further involves providing the patient ample support and assistance in dealing with how people would commonly react to his illness, in development a balance between over- and under-stimulation, in establishing a relaxed atmosphere and a re gular daily routine, in gently encouraging the substitution of inappropriate behaviors with responsible adult behaviors, and in asserting the patients competence personal identity as opposed to an unwholesome and ill identity which only leads him to alienation and self-pity. (cited in University of South Carolina School of Medicine Psychiatric Rehabilitation)Meanwhile, the societal reaction model of mental illness focuses on how the patients are treated by other people. It explores whether each particular patient is perceived by society as a disturbance, given the behavior that he exhibits as a consequence of his mental illness. Moreover, it examines the degree or extent of illness or abnormality that a patient is considered to have in the context of the varying norms of groups and societies.After all, every individual is subject to a decorate of rules and norms that define what is acceptable and not, what is right and wrong, and what is good and bad. These rules vary as to situat ions, locations and cultures. This model of mental illness focuses on a patients inability to find for himself a sense of purpose, peace, harmony, and health in the family or community he belongs to, as would have been necessary for him to attain personal and social success.Furthermore, this model requires that the patient be taught and guided to develop and maintain the skills and abilities necessary for becoming a healthy and normal section of the society. It also emphasizes the need for the patients to be assisted in learning survival skills including psychosocial and occupational rehabilitation, in developing communication and problem-solving skills and in establishing a social network that would be supportive of them. (cited in University of South Carolina School of Medicine Psychiatric Rehabilitation)

Cost of delivery Essay Example for Free

damage of delivery Essay1. The chain stores request to reduce cycle time by shipping like a shot to the stores would seriously affect the service model and delivery costs for BKI. Because, the proposed model would mean that BKI would have to turn more number of deliveries in smaller quantities and transport them separately to each store. Cost of delivery testament increase due to smaller quantities to be delivered directly to stores resulting in more trips, farther distances and lower economies of scale.This is in complete contrast to the more structured and systematic current model of weekly deliveries of standard quantities to the stores w atomic number 18houses. 2. In my opinion, Joe Rutners proposal of establishing a set of six company-owned facilities to act as regional DCs seems to be a step in the right direction for taking on the supply chain requirements of BKIs customers in the future. Rather than dismissing this stores request as a one-off case and handling it on a temporary basis, Rutner has proposed a solution that is likely to take the company forward into the future.He understands that the retail stores are themselves are looking to cut costs by improving their inventory and supply chain concern and such requests would become common from most if not all of the existing customers. Moreover the new retail stores mushrooming in the market are likely to have less regional facilities and would need the proposed arrangement from BKI. 3. The social occasion of ownership of these facilities is very important for the success of this proposed supply chain arrangement as the management of BKI unavoidably to study the long term impact of the costs involved.In the long term it would be fall apart if BKI goes for direct ownership of the facilities as it would benefit the profitability of the operations by keeping the costs of alimony lower than those involved in the alternatives such as co-owned or franchisee structure. However, the management wi ll have to knock over the availability of capital resources if it opts for direct ownership. The capital required for the facilities could be lowered to an extent by pass for rented building rather than constructing new premises. This would decrease the time required to implement the new proposal also.

Dance Paper Essay Example for Free

Dance Paper EssayThis leaping is trip the light fantastic toed to await music with traditional Cambodian instruments. There is also singing done by the musicians. It is performed on an indoor(a) exhibit. The springrs are genuinely graceful and move slowly. The focus a lot on head movements scour though there is a slight tilt from side to side. The dancers are carrying a goblet. They wear costumes with headpieces. The men and wrist move and the focus is on the upper body because the long skirts cover up the legs. This dance looks same(p) it may symbolize something that has to do with the goblet prop. Royal Ballet of Cambodia.This dance is danced on stage and with live music and traditional singing. The dancers are very graceful and the women play both the male and effeminate part. There are dancers in the background sitting. The dancers use their hands and do not journey very much. The costumes are elaborate and the headpieces are very large. The facial expressions ar e subtle and not dramatic. The torso body upright. The dance is performed indoors on a stage with lighting. This dance may symbolize a honey story because there are both male and female person roles. Tahiti Group Dance Performance This dance is performed on an outdoor stage with live music.The male dancers wear git skirts just as the female dancers. The dance is very fast and upbeat. The female dancers move their hips while the male dancers move their legs in a scissor motion. Like the Cambodian dances, the facial expressions are not dramatic- they are very subtle. Male Tahitian Dance This is performed out-of-doors on grass to live music. The audience is not shown in this video tho it seems like the audience is very casual. The dancers are scream and chant with passion. The male dancers wear garlands around their arm and ankles. They are in very short grass skirts.The dancers move very quickly using their legs and arms. They travel as a group and do the same movements as a gro up. Fiji Dance This dance is performed outdoors to live music and live singing. This dance is about the Fiji ancestors. The dancers wearing grass garlands around their arms and grass skirts. The singing is very beautiful and the dancers are fluid in their movements. This seems to be a production because there are many dancers. It seems like a very large ceremony. There are different separate to this dance and it goes from smooth and fluid to a part that is more warrior-like.The males march and carry props like they are in battle. In the battle scene, they stick out their face painted to create a big effect of battle. The scene after the battle has the female dancers who are wearing dresses. They dance very fluidly with the spank prop. It seems like the male dancers bring the strength to the dance and the female dancers bring the grace. Maori- Dances of Life excerpt The dancers deliver the goods their own music using their voices and slaps. This seems like it is a warrior dance b ecause the male dancers are very intense. They have painted faces and their faces are dramatic.The dance is about frightening the enemy and getting ready for war. They are dressed to kill(p) in loin cloths and use a spear prop. They dance outdoors in front of an audience. The dance itself has a lot of stomping and moving of the arms. New Zealand- Haka They are dressed in military outfits on the streets. It looks a lot like the Maori dance because they are chanting and using their legs in a squatting motion. They generally dance with their upper body by moving their arms. It is very dramatic because of the chanting. They are honoring a member of the military who has passed away.

Tesla Motors Essay Example for Free

Tesla Motors EssayElon Musk successfully established Tesla Motors as one of the leaders in the electric vehicle fabrication since his induction as CEO in 2008. Tesla Motors designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars and powertrain components. The company also provides services for the development of powertrain systems and components, and sells electric powertrain components to other automotive manufacturers. It grocery stores and sells its vehicles through Tesla stores as well as over the internet (Mora 2014, 1). Consumers and companies are looking to save at the pump, and what better steering to do so than with electric vehicles (Mora 2014, 1)? Through government support and raised capital, Musk has put Tesla in an discriminatory position to capitalize on the growing electric vehicle market. Battery electric vehicles will subjoin at a 31.5% compound annual development over the next seven years (Navigant explore 2013). With Musks leadership and innovation, Tesla plans on boosting sales by increasing current production of the deterrent example S, introducing the Model X SUV in 2015, and introducing the more affordable Gen III by 2017 (Recharge Now, Forbes 2013).Tesla has now crept onto the top ten reheel for brand perception, as ranked by Consumer Reports (Ingram 2013, 1). Tesla is exceeding their own expectations as more consumers are graceful familiar with their company. In 2013, sales totaled to 22,450, while forecasts were set at 21,500 (Ohnsman). All of this success has resulted in Teslas stock rising nearly $100 this past year (Yahoo Finance 2014). With people more and more worrying about the harmful effects of combustion engines on the environment and the limited supply of oil, the market for electric cars has a ton of potential.While there is tons of potential for Tesla, the truth is that they have in time to make an annual profit. Yes, they did raise their revenue from $413 million to $2 billion in the last year, alone this still r esulted in a net loss of $74 million (Yahoo Finance 2014). This loss is mainly due to the high cost of goods sold, which is why it is so important to keep researching and developing cheaper ways to realize their technology. Few expect to trim electric-car electric battery cost by more than 20%-30% by the intend 2016 (Recharge Now, Forbes 2013). Increasing sales indicates a positive futurefor Tesla, but if they are unable to effectively expurgate the cost of goods their financial condition will suffer.Next, we will examine the opportunities that Tesla could capitalize on with their substantial growth over the past few years. Being that oil is a limited resource, its only a matter of time before the supply functions extremely scarce, resulting in skyrocketing oil worths. This event should cause a major shift to the use of electric vehicles. The average consumer cannot afford the $90,000 and up Model S, but some are still interested in owning an electric vehicle. Musk realizes th is opportunity and has begun developing a more affordable model known as the Gen III. In order to launch this model at a price point of around $35,000 Tesla must drastically reduce the cost of batteries. Tesla unveiled details about a plan to build a giga mill. It will cost them $5 billion, but it will reduce battery costs by an impressive 30% in the first year (Trefis 2014, 1). At peak production, this factory will be able to produce 50 gigawatt-hours of batteries in a year, more than the entire publics current production (Trefis 2014,2). At this point, Tesla could provide surplus batteries to the electronic industry and potentially become a leading producer of energy storage.Despite all of this, there are potential threats to Teslas business, mainly the competition they face in the alternative fuel vehicle market. Many established and approaching automobile manufacturers have entered, or plan on entering this market. For example, BMW, Cadillac, Porsche, and Audi are promoting yo uthful plug-in models aimed at crocked consumers (White 2013, 1). Established prodigality brands are muscling on to Teslas turf in part because government policies are forcing them to, and in part because they see Mr. Musk peeling away influential trendsetters they dont want to lose (White 2013, 2). The impact of these new luxury plug-ins on Tesla will depend on whether they are trying to expand the segment, or merely go after the same consumers.With Elon Musks plan to increase production of the Model S, while introducing two new vehicles by 2015 and 2017, the Model X and Gen III, weshould expect to see continued success from Tesla Motors. If Musk successfully reduces operational costs and offers consumers an affordable Tesla model, he may trigger an amazing turning point in the auto industry and leave a lasting impression on the world.Works CitedAlpert, Bill. Recharge Now Forbes. 10 June 2013. Web. 16 October 2013. Electric Vehicle Market Forecasts. Navigant Research. Navigant Co nsulting Inc, 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Ingra, Antony. Tesla Gains In Brand Awareness. Green Car Reports. High monger Media, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Mora, Victor. Is Tesla Motors an Attractive Investment? Wall St. Cheat Sheet. Wall St Cheat Sheet, 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Ohnsman, Alan. Tesla Rises After Model S Sales in 2013 Exceed Forecast. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 15 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA). Yahoo Finance. Web. 13 March 2014. http//finance.yahoo.com/q?s=tslaql=1. Trefis. Gigafactory Will Cost Tesla $5 Billion But Offers Significant Cost Reductions. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. White, Joseph B. BMW, Cadillac Aim to Pull Plug on Tesla With Pricey New Cars. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones Company, 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

Group Engagement Exercise Essay Example for Free

Group Engagement Exercise EssayThe understand of this weeks Engagement Exercise made clear to me one idea that I am posting here as the hypothesis Time and the need for joint efforts are absolutely infallible for the collective of individuals to become a group. Several people put together formally will neer become a group, not to mention a team. Two factors are absolutely necessary sequence and joint work. Time allows people to get accustomed to each other, understand the processes more clearly, and define their aver agencys within the group. During our first experience of joint work, I felt a bit uncomfortable because of a slight degree of uncertainty concerning who does what, how it all is organized, and what my role in this process should be. This time, the experience was more prosperous as we all had had a prior experience of working in small groups on a similar task. The team was different now, and I am curious if it influenced the effectiveness and if the result cou ld be discover in case we worked in the same team. We had time to reflect on our prior experience, draw conclusions, and re-establish our possess roles. In short, time is tantamount to experience in this case.The need for joint efforts was also a right consolidating factor. Each of us understood that our individual success depends on our work now, on how effectively we butt joint work together. None of us could do the task alone for it could not be graded then, so we were compelled by the circumstances to combine our efforts. Thus, each of us was interested in effective team work. to a lower place such circumstances, we began to think of our group as we and not I versus them. And, as Johnson and Johnson (2009) note, the one-word test to detect whether someone is on the road to becoming a leader is we (p. 202).As a result, I found my role to be more active and I am more satisfied with this figure out than with the previous one. I participated in the work process actively as we ll as the others. I find this come to be very important in terms of learning to be a participant-observer. The previous exercise provided us with the material for observation the discussion provided opportunities for giving and receiving feedback we could reflect upon this experience and see what could be improved. So, this time we all tried to modify our behavior. I am sure that the further exercises will bring veritable(a) more understanding and experience.

Approches To Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Approches To Decision Making testDecision making in the workplace is something that all managers atomic number 18 faced with at unitary cartridge holder or another during their careers. Some decisions are minor and some are major, just now what we have to confirm in mind is the decisions we make offer make or break a company. Being the unrivaled who is faced with making these types of decisions can make our job more stressful, but thankfully there are steps we can learn to take which is known as the decision making process. This process helps us identify the fuss and look at alternatives to help us solve the problem. Once the problem is identify it is up to the manager to look at all areas of the situation and weigh out the pros and cons of the decisions you have bring up with. Never jump at the first thought that comes to mind always look at the decision criteria. later on reading over the scenarios provided I have decided to go with scenario 2 which provides nurture about a problem that has been brought to the nursing home administrators and the infectious control officers attention. gibe to the information that I have read the nursing home is experiencing high infection rates indoors its facility and these rates are increasing. If the nursing home keeps experiencing high rates of infection they can be fined and with this type of facility many more patients can become ill if nothing is done. So as you can see this is a situation that we have to give prompt attention to and find the exceed solution for before anyone else falls ill or the company has to close its doors. There are unalike approaches to decision making that we can explore, but we need to find the best approach for this certain scenario. After reviewing the different types of approaches the two I would choose are rationality and intuition. The reason for choosing these types of approaches are because this seems to best for this scenario. When utilize rationality this means the person will make logical and consistent natural selections that are best for everyone twisting and anyone who holds a management position knows that by thinkingthings thru rationally will give you the best choice of action to take. The reason for this is because you are weighing the pros and cons and thinking logically. The second approach I would take is relying upon intuition.I know some people think that it is almost impossible to make a decision upon someones intuition, but if you know the facts and know the situation you can usually go by your intuition. The reason is because you know the problem that exists and know there has to be steps made to correct this issue quickly. Making decisions as a group can be a great thing because everyone can give their input and you can toss around different ideas and suggestions. There is a downside to making group decisions because there are times certain people will not be open to suggestions because they want to be the only one who is right and this can take up time and cause conflict.ReferencesChapter 3 foundations of decision makingwww.ebusinessmanagement.comezinearticles.com

Plant Pigment Chromatography Essay Example for Free

Plant Pigment Chromatography Essay1. draw and quarter what each of your chromatography strips looked uniform. Specifically, identify the hues on each strip and compare their positions to one an otherwise. Plants crap four types of pigments, to wit chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and xanthophylls. These pigments have distinct polarities and chemical properties. In paper chromatography, the pigments go out separate based on their comparison to the medium (paper), and affinity for the solvent. The solvents used in this experiment are water (polar) and propanone (mid-polar). Therefore, the different pigments will migrate based on their respective polarities too. The pattern of migration will be similar for acetone and distilled water. The fleet to migrate (or found at the topmost of the paper strip) will be anthocyanin, followed by carotenoids, then xanthophylls and last chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is insoluble in polar solvents and then it will migrate slowest in two water and acetone and will be found closest to the bottom of the paper strip. 2. Which pigments did the spinach and the going leaf lettuce have in common? Propose an explanation for this. Spinach and red lettuce will have the same pigments, solitary(prenominal) they will be in different concentrations.Plants have different pigments to maximize their photosynthesizing capability. With different pigments, all the photosynthetically active radiation emitted by the different cleverness wavelengths will be absorbed. For example, the one thousand pigment chlorophyll will not absorb the green wavelength therefore, the carotenoids and the xanthophylls will absorb light in that component part to increase absorption rate. 3. Which pigments were soluble in water? In acetone? Why are any(prenominal) pigments carried further from their original position than others? Chlorophyll is not soluble in water and only fairly soluble in acetone.Carotenes and anthocyanins are grittyly soluble in water. Some pigments travel further away from their original position compared to others because these specific pigments are more soluble in water or acetone than the others are. The differences in solubility are attributed to their different chemical structures and composition. 4. In the fall, leaves often change colours as the sidereal day shortens. Propose an explanation for this colour change. What do you think happens to the green pigments? Why dont we see the other pigments during the summer? In some trees, changes in leaf colour occur in autumn.Changes in day and night temperatures, daylength and light intensity will signal that autumn is about to set in. In autumn, the deed of food, through the process of photosynthesis, is minimized to conserve energy and resources. With this, the plant will stop manufacturing chlorophyll, the photosynthetic pigment responsible for the green colour in plants. Without any chlorophyll, the other pigments that are present in the leaf, li ke anthocyanin and carotene, become exposed. These pigments do not absorb red and yellow in the light spectrum, therefore leaves with high carotenes show yellow, red, and orange colours.5. Which pigments are most crucial to plant survival? Outline the functions of these pigments. Chlorophyll a and b are the pigments that are most crucial to the survival of the plants. These two pigments are present in the highest amount in the leaves compared to other pigments. The pigments absorb light and transmit the energy from this light to other chlorophyll molecules towards the photochemical reaction centre in the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis (Mathews Van Holde, 1996). Chlorophyll therefore plays a very important role in photosynthesis.Conclusion Plants have a large matter of pigments to carry out photosynthesis to ensure that the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is maximized. Individually, the different pigments will absorb only a certain range of wavelength s in the PAR. For example, chlorophyll will not absorb the blue green region while carotenoids will try to absorb energy in the green region of the light spectra. References Mathews, C. K. , Van Holde, K. (1996). Biochemistry (Second ed. ). Menlo Park The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. ,.

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the ElderlyCHAPTER VDISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONSLIMITATIONS AND RECOMENDATIONSThis chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusion drawn. It also clarifies the limitation of the contemplate, the implications and recommendations given for different areas such as breast feeding institutionalize, care for education, nursing administration and research.Memory freeing is unusual for proceedfulness. May not able to remember the saucy incidents, rec all in all more memories of the past or twain .Memory exit bottom be distressing for the individual affected as well as for their family.Mild cognitive dam historic period is a syndrome defined as cognitive decline greater than expected for an individuals be on and education levels but that does not interfere notably with activities of daily life. Age related changes in cognitive function vary comfortably across individuals. Some cognitive functions appearing more suscep tible than others to the effect of aging.DISCUSSION The present necessitate was designed to tax the fund vent and cognitive detriment for the elder pots. The investigator adopted descriptive research design. The selective information forgathered for the field of battle were analyzed statistically and discussed below based on objectives.i) demographic Description Demographic variables included Age , Sex , Education , Monthly income before coming to the nonagenarian age menage , Marital status , Occupation before coming to the venerable age home , Duration of proceed in the anile age home , Family level of psychical illness , accept-go of income .Out of 60 time-honored majority of the deal 26 ( 43.33%) were among the age group of 76 80 yrs , regarding the sex 36 ( 60%) peck are males ,regarding the educational status 50 ( 83.33 %) concourse had primary education , regarding the monthly income 46( 76.66%) hoi polloi are getting RS ,3000-5000, 39 ( 65%) people w ed , 24 ( 40%) people are in private job , 30 ( 50%) people are staying 1-2 years in the senile age home , 55( 91.66% ) people are not having family history of mental illness , 20 ( 33.33%) people are having source of income from the children.1) The first objective of the count was to assess the storehouse leaving and cognitive impairment among elder people.Among 60 samples 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 61-80 (Mild reposition spillage), 19 (31.66%) of them scored between 41- 60 (Moderate warehousing loss), 40 (66.66%) of them scored between 21- 40 (Severe retrospection loss), and there is no people in very severe storage loss among elderly.This study was back up by Chips .J Pillai., et al (2009), conducted a early assessment of memory impairment in people over 65 years old . Tests used for the early diagnosis with memory loss are Wechsler memory scale. They recorded 74.5 % of memory complaints for old age people. Memory consultations were assessed at clinical settings a nd improve the access to early medical and behavioral support.Among 60 samples 3(5%) of them scored between 21-25 (Mild cognitive impairment), 56 (93.33%) of them scored between 11- 20 (Moderate cognitive impairment), 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 0-10 (Severe cognitive impairment) among elderly.This study was supported by Cynthia Thomas et al ( 2005 ) , conducted the study on cognitive assessment for elderly A brief screening test for mild cognitive impairment. Mini mental status examination administered to all the participants. 94 Participants meeting mild cognitive impairment clinical criteria. The study concluded that 55%people detect mild cognitive impairment.2) The second objective of the study was connection between the memory loss with demographic variablesThe chi square look on for the companionship of age and memory loss among elderly is solid 0.001 levels. Hence, a significant acquaintance between age and memory loss. on that point is no significant association b etween memory loss with sex , education , line of descent before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , source of income among elderly.This study was supported by Gary .J Kennedy (2008), assessed the age swaind memory impairment. 160 participants were selected with the age group of 70 -80 years. Used 4 computerized 3 non computerized memory tests. The participants score was low on two memory test. The data suggest that 80 % subjects had memory impairment.3) The third objective was to associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables.There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables such as age , sex , education , occupation before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , and source of income among elderly.This study was supported by John .M Starr et al (1999) conducted a study on age associated cognitive decline in healthy older people. Results were the study fails to support the hypothesis that cognitive decline can be attributed to age alone in healthy older people. They detected 57% older people had get wind out cognitive impairment.4) The fourth objective was to assess the correlational statistics between memory loss and cognitive impairment.Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviance value is 5.60, and consider value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation value is 2.89. Correlation of memory loss and cognitive impairment score is 0.407. It is evident that there is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly.This study was supported by Noboru Habu., et al (2010). Conducted a cross sectional study on relationship between mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment. Results were the stu dy there is a correlation of coefficient of memory loss and cognitive impairment(r = 0.391). There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly.SUMMARYThe present study aimed to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly at ST. JOSEPH old age home in Coimbatore.The objectives were to1) Assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly.2) Associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly3) Associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly.4) Correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly.Review of literature facilitated the investigator to collect the relevant information to support the study. The researcher adopted descriptive research design for conducting this study. The conceptual skeletal frame work was based on Modified bio psychosocial present 1999. The researcher to identify the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. 60 elderly wer e selected by convenient sampling technique .The tool used for data collection consists of Wechsler memory scale, mini mental status examination.The data was collected for a period of 6 weeks in ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME Coimbatore. Based on the objectives, data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDYAccording to statistical analysis, 1(1.66%) elderly had mild memory loss.19(31.66%) elderly had moderate memory loss.40(66.66%) elderly had severe memory loss.3(5%) elderly had mild cognitive impairment.56(93.33%) elderly had moderate cognitive impairment.1(1.66%) elderly had severe cognitive impairment.Chi square value for the association of age with memory loss is significant at 0.001 levels. So these findings indicated that as age progress the memory will get decreased.Chi square value for the association of cognitive impairment with demographic variables is not significant.Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviation is 5.60.Mean value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation is 2.89.The findings indicated that the Correlation value of memory loss and cognitive impairment is 0.407. It was evident that there is positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment. It can be assumed when memory loss get increased the cognitive impairment also will increase.CONCLUSIONThat it is concluded that elderly are suffers from memory loss and cognitive impairment, there is a significant association between age and memory loss. As the age progress the memory will get decreased. And there is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly.IMPLICATIONSThe present study findings have several implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurse can assess the problems of elderly and prevent further complication. n ursing practiceIncreased attention towards family members regarding care of elderly.Nurses can provide memory training for the elderly.Nurses can advice the elderly to nurture the diary for remembering important matters.Nurses can provide counselling for psychological problems of the elderly.Nursing Education Nursing educator plays an important role for preparing the nurses for caring the elderly and meets the psychological and physical needs of the elderly.Nursing educator Involve the students in memory training program.Nursing educator ways to improve and maintain cognitive health.Nursing AdministrationNursing administrator can plan and organizing community based classes to the community people regarding improving memory and cognitive impairment among elderly.Nursing administrator can encourage students to participate in health education and counselling programme for the family members.Nursing administrator can conduct in-service education, workshop, continuing nursing education to the nursing students and update their knowledge about needs (physical psychological) for the elderly.Nursing ResearchThis study can be baseline for future studies to build on.Nursing research provides evidence based clinical practice. LIMITATIONSThis study was limited to single setting.This study was limited to the sample size of 60 elderly.This study was limited to save assessment of memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. RECOMMENDATIONSA study can be conducted to find out the needs of the elderlyA study can be conducted in various settings.A study can be conducted to psychological and physical problems of elderly.A study can be conducted to equalise the memory loss and cognitive impairment of elderly staying in old age home and staying in home.A study can be conducted in community settings.A study can be conducted memory loss and cognitive impairment can affect the activities of daily living and occupational functions of the elderly. copThe present study entitl ed, study to ASSESS THE MEMORY LOSS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG ELDERLY AT ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME COIMBATORE. The objectives of the study were to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly, associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly, associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly, and correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. This study was conducted in ST.JOSEPH old age home, Coimbatore. The sample size was 60 elderly. The Conceptual frame work adopted for this study was Modified bio psychosocial model (1999). The study was conducted for a period of six weeks. The tools used to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment is Wechsler memory scale and Mini mental status examination. The results of the study were Among 60 samples, 1.66% elderly had mild memory loss, 31.66% elderly had moderate memory loss, and 66.66% elderly ha d severe memory loss. In cognitive impairment 5% elderly had mild cognitive impairment, 93.33% elderly had moderate cognitive impairment, and 1.66% elderly had severe cognitive impairment. There is a significant association between age and memory loss .There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. Positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. The study concluded that as the age progress the memory will get decreased.